%PDF-1.5
%
2 0 obj
<<
/Metadata 4 0 R
/Names 5 0 R
/Outlines 6 0 R
/PageMode /UseOutlines
/Pages 7 0 R
/Type /Catalog
>>
endobj
4 0 obj
<<
/Length 5437
/Subtype /XML
/Type /Metadata
>>
stream
Automotive air conditioning
HVAC
Electric vehicles
Regenerative heat exchanger
Heat pump
Reversible heat pump HVAC system with regenerative heat exchanger for electric vehicles: analysis of its impact on driving range
application/pdf
Besides providing energy for traction, an electric vehicle battery operates on-board auxiliary systems, among which air conditioning features the highest energy consumption and reduces significantly the driving range. Furthermore, electric vehicles heating needs are typically fulfilled through high-consuming resistors. In this respect, heat pumps promise higher energy efficiency and an increase in all-electric range. This paper analyses a reversible heat pump HVAC system equipped with a regenerative heat exchanger for pre-conditioning and hygrometric comfort improvement, and assesses air-conditioning energy loads and their impact on driving range for a vehicle performing daily commutes in different Italian cities. The dynamic model was set up in a Modelica framework. The overall system integrates component models calibrated against experimental data. Results confirm that air conditioning, consuming up to 32% of the energy required for traction on a daily commute, highly impacts on the all-electric range, which can decrease to 72 km from a base value of 94 km. In heating mode, replacing a resistor with a heat pump reduces consumption by 17–52% depending on geographical context, which proves to be highly effective in particularly demanding summer conditions lessening the driving range decrease up to 6%.
Sara Bellocchi, Giuseppe Leo Guizzi
Michele Manno
Marco Salvatori
Alessandro Zaccagnini
2017-09-18T10:05:11+01:00
LaTeX with hyperref package
2020-02-10T14:03:36+01:00
Automotive air conditioning; HVAC; Electric vehicles; Regenerative heat exchanger; Heat pump
pdfTeX-1.40.18
This is pdfTeX, Version 3.14159265-2.6-1.40.18 (TeX Live 2017) kpathsea version 6.2.3
uuid:6f0986be-da8d-4388-a4c7-157a2f2ccd42
uuid:8ecf41fb-2215-4697-bf56-5e52c953b5b1
endstream
endobj
3 0 obj
<<
/Filter /FlateDecode
/First 801
/Length 5813
/N 96
/Type /ObjStm
>>
stream
x[[63_ekgcNLI\rLmcIPұ@EJd̖/pith|h\Yi&eR"+\T9Zs&
L~KxZqda,ga*").!`JHqǔy&rx*xr2zBӉL(ՙ yg+sf2g:W"ix&K4ؑIŴr[3ra(d&-33LX3řqgJ0˝ɔdVq)Ŭf*X
)
+ NLsr[dZ0'$K$sњ9S@a e9/94H^d&mf8Xa2#XF2΅PQ̌ËCg[x9Hd(_@& YyY,d$Aa,9@`Af$KH
DgHVʺ jx:O*@FH
. A$ @ ƂdFHP*s ٢$[́x<@dgc"n;oZvlKeX4鼾Ͼwjسa__~`ZTyZ5l
{U.mBբlլm؏tZޮU}/{mݬۊ]<ȡh?b9Ys6ڶar7M;۰оY6beݲiP}ɢnzy=`/jU7&Ya:/WUz\CCϛ^e)輞݀/yYvoI5L?d=i'Χԓ*xV~;n /'Sx܇X~D
Oܿc[RQfV^ޖ@\i-育w cJ7Az6>ZO}.Vހl[ڢ[m$nR7JAn4lk`ǤřGӭn!~]{Cۋm?&e-͚[n7f/GAEyyԚ츟hP{R;
h>gSc}z
kG^yY5%J/;_xKbh'|=y3<:uP2kާI
Z`%z4TwBiSZy"ъF!qz|(G8,p(y1:Vc1^y]%q
V4J^w{ԒP?PT^{Pb6yޕ
#k
zm5az`5|y;ؼF:η]UDZk1JK*Ҷk}GzuzޞrAk?3oĝǨ:3?˞%17)#ף1IG/!|]o!xYU~hWͶZ@=@Ϭ\zÚVo7^Be͊lb}Ԥ-a0cŦ.w[X*`tzbo71l%ĥ3 PU\,t[*4RWy\m@eLzV[fu2>+kX\zUmU+VKb^bBe(C yV/ҿ]